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OIL

History & properties:
The commercial drilling of crude oil by Edwin Drake in 1859 was first seen as an opportunity for kerosene to compete with whale oil in the illumination market. However, technical progress in petroleum refining from simple distillation (boiling the crude oil in a vacuum) to the extraction of gasoline and other light products (via more sophisticated thermal and catalytic cracking and reforming) for transportation and heating purposes led to rapid demand growth for crude oil.

More information:
Since there are more than 130 different crude oil grades, refineries can be optimised to produce "cuts" or fractions that are best suited to the characteristics of the crude oil being run and the type of products that are most in demand in the local markets.

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Refined products by use

Not surprisingly different parts of the crude oil barrel have different uses. The US tends to favour crudes with a high gasoline cut and favours complex refineries that can produce clean, light products. Also, the US emphasises liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Propane is a liquid under low pressure, is easy to burn and is typically used in locations where natural gas is not available.

Refined products by use continue:

It is also used as a chemical feedstock for making ethylene and propylene. Butane is used predominantly as a motor gasoline blending component as it is good for starting cold engines. Normal butane is also used as a chemical feedstock.

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